ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) sonography is now being applied in the prenatal clinic for the investigation of the fetal kidney (Figure 16.1), and much work is currently being done to develop the technique further in this context. 3D reconstruction with power Doppler is very useful in examination of the vascularization of the kidney, the visualization of the spatial distribution of the renal vessels, and the determination of the presence of small vessels in the renal cortex (Figure 16.2). These observations can provide interesting signs of renal 320obstruction, arterial stenosis, kidney infarction, venous thrombosis, and changes in the vascularization index (VI) in the presence of hemodynamic restriction in cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
