Bryozoan facies in deep-sea Pleistocene environments of southern Italy

In the present day Mediterranean the bathyal zone develops from 150-250 m, corresponding to the transition from the circalittoral zone down to the deepest bottoms. Whereas Pérès & Picard (1964) and Pérès (1982) highlight a general depth homogeneity, according to Carpine (1970) an epibathyal zone, down to about 500 m, followed by a mesobathyal zone, ranging down to about 2000 m can be recognised. Further attempted models, such as that by Emig (1997), appear complex.