ABSTRACT
Lymphangioma/lymphatic malformation (LM) involves the lymphatic system and circulation, resulting in sequestered lymphatic sacs that fail to communicate with peripheral draining channels. Lymphedema can result from structural abnormalities of the lymphatic trunks, resulting in an impaired lymphatic transport. Currently, ultrasound (US) is a valuable and effective tool to differentiate vascular and LMs that are both classified according to the flow dynamics among low-flow lesions. An accurate high-resolution B-mode US evaluation is recommended to describe the morphological characteristics. The use of a high-frequency linear transducer (18–20 MHz) is considered the best equipment option for the investigation of all the tissue layers, allowing a punctual distinction from the surfaces to the depth. The modern research developments in ultrahigh-resolution US systems provide frequencies as high as 70 MHz capable to insonate more precisely the lymphatic vessels and the small anatomical structures. Color Doppler US and spectral analysis are aimed to qualify the LM vascularization pattern but are often restricted to the detection of the frequently associated impairments of the venous system.
