ABSTRACT
The presence of arteriovenous (AV) shunts in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is possible and the incidence is not well known. The standard diagnostic evaluation is sufficient to discover significant high-volume AV shunts and to avoid the use of invasive tools for diagnosis. We can summarize the concept of diagnostics according to the study of different geometric planes: the study of the x–y plane is the study of morphology and anatomical relationships. The study of the z plane is the study of hemodynamics. Mixing the characteristics of these planes, we can have an idea of the characteristics of the malformation. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging represent the noninvasive diagnostic tools of choice because of the lack of ionizing radiation and lack of catheter-based contrast injection.
