ABSTRACT
Optimal treatment of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) utilizes both traditional excisional surgical therapy and minimally invasive endovascular therapy. Endovascular therapy employing both embolization therapy and sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for unresectable CVM lesions. The treatment strategy should initially focus on the primary vascular malformation, followed by treatment of secondary disorders affecting other organ systems. Combination therapy of endovascular treatments with surgical resection has resulted in significantly improved outcomes compared with surgical excision alone.
