ABSTRACT
Compact wearable printed antennas suffer from low efficiency. Fractal technology may be employed to develop compact efficient wearable antennas. In this chapter, several wearable fractal antennas are presented. The fractal antennas were designed to be worn in the vicinity of the human body. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses antenna design with similar fractal segments to maximize the antenna effective area. Fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel structures with space-filling curves. The key aspect lies in a repetition of a motif over two or more scale sizes or “iterations.” Fractal antennas are very compact, multiband or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communication systems. The development of compact fractal printed antennas for 5G communication, Internet of things (IOT) and medical systems is presented in this chapter. These fractal antennas are compact and efficient. S-band, C-band and X-band fractal printed antennas were developed and fabricated for 5G communication, IOT and medical systems. Space-filling technique and Hilbert curves are employed to design compact fractal antennas. The antenna bandwidth is around 10% with voltage standing wave ratio better than 3:1. The antenna gain is around 8 dBi with 90% efficiency.
