ABSTRACT
Municipal solid waste disposed in developing countries mainly managed by landfill process. Through this process contaminated wastewater generated named as landfill leachate, which constructs serious health, safety, and environmental consequences. When moisture content is higher in solid waste more amounts of leachate are generated. Leachate composition is influenced by various factors: waste composition, local climatic conditions, landfill practices, landfill age. The mature landfill leachate has a low (Biological Oxygen Demand)5/(Chemical Oxygen Demand) ratio (<0.1); therefore, conventional biological treatment is very low, releasing more concentration of recalcitrant organic molecules and ammonia nitrogen, which demand further treatment using chemical and physical methods. Different types of treatments have been explored, such as chemical precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, membrane filtration, ultrasound, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and adsorption. In the adsorption process, an adhesion substance on a solid material surface from a liquid phase. Numerous types of adsorbent materials are used for leachate treatment. Therefore, the present study reviews the surface-modified adsorbent materials that have been applied to treat the landfill leachate and also will evaluate the advantages of this practice.
