ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the principles of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) that are used to protect the transmission networks. It introduces a case study of finding the minimum number of PMUs with full system monitoring using an advanced Artificial Intelligence technique. The main objective of PMU placement problem is to determine the minimum number of required PMUs and their locations to achieve a full observable power system. The full observability of the power system is checked for different test cases that in turn make changes in the optimal PMU placement problem formulation. Considering limiting the number of PMUs that are implemented yearly, a multistage PMU allocation strategy is introduced according to the betterment on local redundancy. A Binary Integer Programming technique is proposed for instantaneous PMU placement as well as conventional electrical power flow measurements for observing fault in electrical power systems.
