ABSTRACT
Tramadol is a moderately potent analgesic [1, 2]. It is an aminocyclohexanol derivative or phenylpiperidine analogue of codeine and its analgesic effect is mediated through noradrenaline re-uptake inhibition, both increased release and decreased re-uptake of serotonin in the spinal cord and very weak μ-opioid receptor effect [1, 3–5]. Tramadol is available in parenteral, suppository, oral drops, and tablet formulations.
