ABSTRACT
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preventive interventions have been proven effi cient in reducing morbidity, mortality, and health costs globally both for patients with established CAD (secondary prevention) and asymptomatic subjects without CAD (primary prevention). In secondary prevention, the role of aspirin and other specifi c medications is essential. In both primary and secondary prevention, several risk factors for CAD have been identifi ed and have been shown to account for a large number of acute CAD events. Four major modifi able risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking) have been well established and their management should follow detailed guidelines issued from scientifi c societies. Other modifi able risk factors (e.g. obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet) may be targeted mainly via lifestyle and public health measures. Less well-established risk factors (e.g. infl ammation, psychosocial stress, genetic factors) are currently investigated. Future targeted research and implementation of established knowledge by both physicians and the community are needed to further optimize primary and secondary prevention.
