ABSTRACT
Physical activity can exert a significant influence on nutrient needs, particularly calories, at all ages. More than 50% of children and adolescents in the United States participate in competitive athletics in either school- or community-based programs. Most children do not possess the neuromuscular skills to train in sports until about 5 years of age. Children, in general, possess a rudimentary understanding of nutrition. Children, parents, and coaches should be taught both the principles of good nutrition and the specific nutritional demands of high levels of activity. Child athletes should be encouraged to consume three meals a day plus nutrient-dense snacks. Tissue glycogen stores will optimally meet the energy demands of training and competition only if replenished by regular, periodic food intakes. Adequate hydration is critical for temperature regulation and performance for athletes of all ages. In hot or especially humid environments, an athlete can lose several pounds of water with a single practice.
