ABSTRACT
Endogenous benzodiazepines (BDZs) have been detected in the human brain, but it is uncertain whether these substances are synthesized within the brain, or are derived from exogenous sources, such as the diet. This raises the question: are there other substances in the brain that might be present from exogenous sources—and might they influence the therapeutic actions or adverse effect profile of prescribed BDZs? This chapter presents some examples of biologically active phytochemicals present in foods or plants extracts, such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, cinnamates, and saponins, that display some BDZ-like actions, including anxiolytic, antiepileptic, and hypnotic effects when tested in different animal models. This chapter provokes some intriguing thoughts about the evolution of psychoactive compounds generally, and more specifically about the complex interplay between diet and prescription medications.
