ABSTRACT
Mining has a complex relationship with SDG 9. While mined materials will be essential to achieve global zero net carbon dioxide emissions, mining remains an extractive industry. The new renewable energy infrastructure and transport technologies underpinning the future energy transition will require unprecedented quantities of copper, steel, aluminium, nickel, lithium, cobalt and rare earths, to name a few. To produce enough of these metals to sustain the transition to zero net carbon, mining will need to innovate to find ways to reduce environmental impacts and maximise benefits for stakeholders. Circular economy principles and inclusive economic development will be significant in transforming mining to meet SDG 9.
