ABSTRACT
Diabetes is generally considered a very complex disease. Because of having no clear idea of it, the permanent solution is absent. Diabetes is on the regular rise worldwide. It is due to progressive Beta cell damage present in the pancreatic islet of Langarhans. Intestinal function and incretin secretion are reported to directly regulate the health of the pancreas. Studies have revealed the self-adaptive properties of beta cells against stress conditions beta cells adapt themselves during diabetes progression through modulation of various markers of autophagy, apoptosis, and proliferation. Besides aging, cellular senescence also occurred in the case of obesity and diabetes. Senescent cells are metabolically active despite possessing the reduced capability to get divide. Senescence signals possess heterogeneity and also have both positive and negative effects once formed. To regulate homeostasis under stress conditions, autophagy is essential.
