ABSTRACT
Groundwater remediation is a process of removing or reducing contamination in groundwater by using groundwater remediation technology. The purpose of groundwater remediation technology used at the contamination site is to solve the problems at the remediation site within a specific time range. The technology is divided into three main aspects, which are physical, chemical and biological. These technologies have the same objective towards groundwater remediation and also each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. Before technology installation or implementation is done at the contamination site, some requirements must be considered in order to achieve the main objective of technology implementation and also to avoid failure as well as secondary pollution. Physical groundwater remediation is referred to as air sparging and soil flushing; chemical groundwater remediation includes permeable reactive barriers, oxidation process, and carbon adsorption; biological groundwater remediation method includes bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and phytoremediation. Out of all these listed above, physical groundwater remediation considered the most important method compared to chemical and biological remediation technology. This is because it is suitable to be installed in-situ or ex-situ or combine with chemical and biological remediation to have higher efficiency in groundwater treatment.
