ABSTRACT
Baboons are Old World monkeys that are part of the taxonomic family Cercopithecidae. Because they share many physical, genetic, and physiological traits with humans, they are an important model in biomedical research. Current research programs involving baboons include areas such as reproductive research, fetal and infant studies, complex diseases, and transplantation. In the wild, baboons range across Africa and have a varied diet depending on environmental conditions. They also live in social groups and reproduce year-round. Baboons adapt well to captive conditions; however, captive housing needs to make accommodations for their large size, strength, and social nature. Baboons should be socially housed in captivity, and enclosures should include physical structures that increase environmental complexity and allow for climbing and privacy. The use of positive reinforcement training for husbandry, clinical, or research purposes can further enhance welfare by promoting cooperation between the baboons and the staff members who take care of them.
