ABSTRACT
Mycotic Keratitis (MK) represents an important aspect due to the unfavourable course and prognosis, as well as the diversity of clinical presentations. This chapter aims to describe the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, and prognosis as well as treatment options of MK caused by dematiaceous fungi. Dematiaceous fungi are melanized fungi that produce pigments. Dematiaceous fungi that cause MK can be identified by routine laboratory mycological techniques. The manifestations of MK are related to a severe and deep corneal ulcer that exhibits small satellite lesions and hypopyon. The use of topical corticosteroids prior to the development of MK is usually found in up to 56% of cases and has been shown to favour its development and evolution. The prevention of MK depends mainly on the control of the identified risk factors, such as the use of protective lenses to prevent eye trauma in outdoor environments, adequate hygiene measures, especially in the use of contact lenses and cleaning solutions.
