ABSTRACT
Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is an important component of fine particulate matter that is produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning. Different amounts of BC are emitted from different types of fuels burned under conditions of combustion such as flaming and smoldering. BC emitted from biomass burning in Southeast Asia (SEA) can be transported over a long distance, affecting regional air quality, global climate, and public health. In view of recurrent forest and peat fires in SEA, it is important to integrate the research findings reported in the literature on BC and point out key knowledge gaps. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on BC emitted from crop residue open biomass burning and uncontrolled forest and peat fires in SEA and discusses the impacts of BC on climate and human health. This subject is an emerging environmental challenge in SEA because of the rapid economic growth and high population density in the region. The increased emissions of BC from various types of biomass burning in SEA represent a major climate risk and pose a threat to sensitive ecosystems, economies, and the societies at large. We highlight some of the recent advances made in our understanding of BC in SEA, which will be useful for climate modelers and public health specialists. In addition, the review can serve as a useful reference for environmental policymakers to prioritize and implement BC mitigation measures in SEA.
