ABSTRACT
Brain is the most crucial and important part of human body. Similarly, a controller is the most influential and decisive component of a machine. In this chapter, microprocessors and microcontrollers are thoroughly discussed, including the history of their evolution. Processors starting from 4-bit processor to modern 32/64-bit multicore ARM processor with built-in graphics processing unit (GPU), having communication and interfacing channels like I2C, I2S, UART, SPI, WIFI, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRaWAN, and Sigfox, are discussed in this chapter. All important and unique featured microprocessors and microcontrollers are also part of the chapter. Comparison of various characteristics of the microprocessors and microcontrollers is also presented for better understanding.
