ABSTRACT
In Quantum Dot (QD) motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes or excitons are confined by a potential barrier to small regions of space where dimensions of confinement are less than their de Broglie wavelength. He discovered that the wavelength of light emitted or absorbed by a QD changed over a period of days as the crystal grew, and concluded that the confinement of electrons was giving the particle quantum properties. It can be used as organic dyes, in the computer as qubits, etc. Nowadays, we are using double QDs to study electron transportation in a different potential barrier with Rashba spin interaction and Dresselhaus effect. Embedded in other materials, they absorb incoming light of one color and give out the light of an entirely different color; they're brighter and more controllable than organic dyes. QDs produce more electrons for each photon that strikes them, potentially offering a boost in the efficiency of perhaps 10% over conventional semiconductors.
