ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the recent trends in nano-biocatalysis aiding to improve biofuels/bioenergy production. In the recent advances, nano-biocatalysis has experienced an escalation in the field of nanotechnology since the biocatalytic process is limited due to the unsteadiness of the enzymes and their short lifetime. In the majority of techniques for acquiring nanoparticles, that enclose enzymes, are based on the ‘nano-entrapment’ method, which using the water-in-oil microemulsion scheme directs isolated nanoparticles through polymerization in the water phase or water-oil interface. In a different study, the addition of 5-nm gold nanoparticles enhanced the competence of hydrogen fermentation significantly, and the maximum hydrogen yield reached 36.3% in contrast with the blank test. The activity of photosynthetic hydrogen-producing microalgae was also improved using nanoparticles. A new efficient method described the reconstitution of apoenzymes on cofactor functionalized nanomaterials that are conductive and associated with electrodes.
