ABSTRACT
Biological control has grown to encompass several approaches: inoculation, inundation, and conservation. Inoculative methods involve introducing the biological control agent in relatively small numbers so that when it increases it will control the target pest. Cool temperate regions contain some of the most productive agricultural lands in the world. Many successes have been obtained in cool temperate regions, and successes have been more numerous where efforts have been more intensive; other factors, such as climate, have been unreliable guides to success. Evaluation of establishment and success of a biological control effort has been idiosyncratic. Evaluation of success is more complicated than evaluation of establishment, but it is essential to integrate biological control with pesticide-based controls. Complete control results when the biological control agent constantly controls the pest. The potential for research on biological control in cool temperate regions seems vast.
