ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on bioethanol production from seaweeds, its scenario and future challenges and opportunities. The main concept of cultivation of seaweed is the open ocean farm using a framework structure that fixed to depth of open ocean to cultivate kelp for fuel production. In general, the method of seaweed faming depends on seaweed species with specific emphasis on species growth, reproduction and development. The carbohydrates need to undergo a process called saccharification by which the carbohydrate polymers cleave into the constituent monomers. Cellulose breaks to glucose, hemicellulose gives some different hexoses and pentose sugars such as xylose, arabinose and glucose. Bioethanol can be extracted from a variety of feed stocks that possess fermentable sugars generally in a mixture of polysaccharides and free sugars. The microorganisms used for ethanoic production are divided into three categories which are mold, bacteria and yeast.
