ABSTRACT
Textile based industrial sectors pioneer and govern the present global economy. In practice, current textile industries depend on chemical-based approaches which include following basic techniques likely desizing of fibers, fiber scouring, mercerization of fibers, bleaching with dyeing of fibers, softening of cotton, biopolishing of cotton fibers, denim washing of cotton, and stripping of color. These chemical approaches decline the quality of textile products and fascinate harmful environmental concerns. Even most of these industrial chemicals are corrosive to expensive equipment in textile industries. To this end, this current scenario switches on a paradigm shift from conventional chemical derived avenues to a comparative greener, sustainable, economically viable and environmentally benign alternative catalytic platform in textile industries. Microbial enzymes are the potential key catalytic alternatives of these chemical-based approaches in textile industries. There are two primary groups of microbial enzymes involved in textile industries i.e. hydrolases and oxidoreductases. These key groups of microbial enzymes are most promising considering higher specificities under mild conditions, lower processing time, lower energy and lower water requirements. These preferences improve textile product quality and potential bioprocess integrations. However, existing key industrial microbial enzymes do not show effective efficacies to attain textile industrial requirements (i.e. higher quality textile products) due lower substrate specificities, product inhibition, enzyme stability, lower catalytic efficiencies and lack of efficient naive enzymes time to time. Hence, diverse approaches (i.e. rational enzyme design, metabolic engineering, and systems biology) have been applied to resolve the aforementioned global issues. Therefore, the aim of this current work is to summarize novel and advanced approaches for improving the efficiencies of microbial enzymes with special emphasis on metabolic engineering.
