ABSTRACT
All managers and leaders occasionally waste time. However, the overall objective must be to eliminate non-value-added activities, thereby improving efficiency, effectiveness, and performance. In carrying out public office, including making public appointments, awarding contracts, or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on merit. Holders of public office have a duty to declare any private interest relating to their public duties and to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in any way that protects the public interest. AHP managers and leaders might consider their personal building blocks necessary for influencing future patterns of working.
