ABSTRACT
The Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake caused severe damages of buildings due to liquefaction in the Hanshin and Awaji island district. It is stressed that liquefaction took place concentrated in the filling-up ground of the sea, the river and the pond. The filling-up ground is widely distributed along the Osaka bay. We recognized different types of deformation structures associated with liquefaction such as normal faulting, graven, compression ridges, quick sands and lateral movement of the ground, in the filling-up ground of the Kobe University of Mercantile Marine, which faces the Osaka Bay. The vast occurrence of liquefaction resulted from the characters of the underground soils,i.g.the well-sorted sand and the overlying impermeable layer, which are appropriate for liquefaction. The lateral movement associated with liquefaction diveded the sports ground in the University into several rectangular sheets, bounded by N-S and E-W directed normal faults and gravens. These faults and gravens were generated by both the location of the same directions of underground drainage pipes and the two-directed extention stress due to sliding toward the sea (southward) and to the river (eastward). The buildings in the university. were barriers against the lateral movement of the ground surface, because these foundation reached the base of the underground liquefied layer. The distance of permanent ground displacement tended to increase to the sea and reached up to one meter along N-S dierected section. It possibly reflects that the underground liquefied layer became thicker to the sea.
