ABSTRACT
Cost-effective assessment nowadays seems like a contradiction in terms. In an era in which all kinds of new and resource-intensive methods are developed and introduced in practice, it seems almost hilarious to talk about cost effectiveness. Granted, in modern education, emphasis is increasingly placed not only on the quality of assessment but also on the shift from assessment of learning to assessment for learning. Reliability indicates the extent to which a score or decision generalises to the score that a candidate would obtain if he or she were presented with all the possible relevant questions or tasks of a certain discipline. Validity relates to the extent to which the test actually measures what it purports to measure. Educational impact refers to all consequences a test or assessment programme has on the way teachers teach and test on the one hand and on how students learn on the other.
