ABSTRACT
For managers to make hunting a successful tool for reducing deer density and impact, they must be aware of and incorporate the science behind deer management and the values and culture of hunters and other stakeholders whose actions will determine the success of public hunting to manage deer density and impact. This entails tailoring and developing management actions and communication efforts that resonate with stakeholders; reflect their values; and integrate culture, values, and science in effective deer management. Such management requires compromises among stakeholder groups to find common grounds for managing deer acceptable to stakeholder groups.
