ABSTRACT
Managers identify the forest resources they want to manage and what they want these resources to look like. Answering fuzzier questions such as, “How many?” or, “What is the purpose—income, recreation, aesthetics or other?” or, “What financial and manpower resources are required to manage them?” requires setting goals and identifying objectives and the associated management steps to achieve them. Hovering over all these questions is the primal one—how will deer affect the ability to achieve goals for other forest resources, and what must be done to address deer impacts?
