ABSTRACT
Deer management, like that of other forest resources, incurs recurring annual maintenance and associated expenditures of financial and human capital that may be limited, especially for owners of small woodlots. Some of the costs, such as monitoring status of deer density and impact and maintenance of access roads, may be performed in conjunction with other forest resource maintenance requirements (e.g., monitoring of deer impact and status of advance regeneration, application of silvicultural practices such as thinning or final removals for forage creation and timber harvest). Some are specific to deer management (e.g., conducting checking stations, communicating with stakeholders).
