The Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative

In 2001, the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative (KQDC) was formed in northwest Pennsylvania to test the hypothesis that public hunting could reduce local white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) density to the point where deer impact did not threaten forest sustainability. A cooperative of public and private forest landowners, foresters, hunters, wildlife managers, scientists, and local business interests developed and implemented a 10-year demonstration program on a ∼30,000-ha (73,250-acre) northern hardwood forest located in northwestern Pennsylvania (Figure 34.1).