ABSTRACT
Exstrophy-epispadias complex is a spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts.
Epispadias is a condition in which the urethra lies open along its dorsal aspect.
Bladder exstrophy is a condition in which the bladder lies open along its anterior aspect.
Epispadias may occur alone, but bladder exstrophy normally occurs in association with epispadias.
Cloacal exstrophy is a condition in which epispadias and bladder exstrophy occur in association with a midline omphalocele and prolapsed terminal ileum.
Bladder exstrophy is associated with vesicoureteral reflux and lateral displacement of the penile nerves on the corporal bodies.
There are two main approaches to the surgical repair of bladder exstrophy: staged and complete repair.
