ABSTRACT
Th ere are several studies from our own group examining the eff ects of weight loss and dietary composition on CAMs (Brinkworth et al. 2004, Clift on et al. 2005, Keogh et al. 2007, 2008) (Table 1). In a study by Clift on et al. (2005), 55 overweight and obese subjects were randomized to one of two low-fat, HC weight loss diets (both < 6000 kJ). Aft er 3 mon, weight loss was 6.3 ± 3.7 kg and sICAM1 fell by 8% (p < 0.001) with no diff erence between diet groups, but no changes in sVCAM1 or IL-6 were noted. In an 8 wk weight loss study, a diet of LC (4% of energy) and high saturated fat (20% of energy) was contrasted with a diet of HC (46% of energy) and low fat in 70 subjects (LC 37, HC 33) with features of metabolic syndrome. E-and P-selectin decreased by approximately 32% and 7% respectively and ICAM-1 by 15% (all p < 0.001) aft er weight loss (7.5 kg LC and 6.4 kg HC) with no eff ect of dietary composition (Keogh et al. 2008). We observed a small but statistically signifi cant rise in VCAM-1 of 4% in this study. Similarly, in a randomized parallel design of two weight loss diets, LC (33% of energy) and HC (60% of energy), both low in saturated fat, in 36 obese subjects, weight loss of 8.7% was achieved aft er 12 wk and 5.6% aft er 52 wk. Adhesion molecules decreased at 12 wk, VCAM-1 by 6% and ICAM-1 by 14% (both p < 0.05), E-selectin also decreased by 14% (p < 0.01) aft er weight loss with no diff erence between diets. sICAM-1 remained reduced aft er 52 wk (p < 0.05), whereas the change in sVCAM-1 did not reach statistical signifi cance (p = 0.08) and E-selectin remained reduced at the end of the study (p < 0.05). P-selectin did not change aft er 12 wk of weight loss but was reduced at the end of the study (p < 0.05) (Keogh et al. 2007). In a long-term study, weight loss was 2.9% on a standard protein diet and 4.1% on a high protein diet aft er 52 wk of follow-up, and sICAM-1 decreased signifi cantly on both diets (p < 0.05) (Brinkworth et al. 2004).
