ABSTRACT
Persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can plague patients and surgeons alike. Almost 2.5–5% of all patients undergoing parathyroid surgery remain persistent or develop recurrence attributable to various avoidable or unavoidable shortcomings or disease process. The offending gland is eventually localized to a eutopic or ectopic location. Judicious use of available imaging techniques and surgical adjuncts and intricate knowledge of parathyroid embryology and anatomy can improve outcome. Management is individualized, based on the clinical scenario and outcomes of preoperative localization techniques. A repeat surgery is not mandated in all cases. This chapter deals with the management of persistent and recurrent HPT.
