ABSTRACT
Infertility affects millions of women around the world. The infertility factors contribute to 35 percent of the measurable causes of infertility. The underlying medical problems can often be corrected medically, surgically or through the use of more progressive approaches including advanced reproductive technology (ART), for example, in vitro fertility (IVF). The size, consistency and the risk of malignancy are essential factors influencing the route of specimen retrieval. Approximately 30%–50% of women have fibroid tumors (uterine leiomyoma), which are typically benign, non-cancerous growths of muscle in the uterus. Fibroids are most common in women between their 30s and their early 50s, and are more common with advancing in age. If fibroids occur during pregnancy, they may cause complications such as miscarriage and preterm birth. Special attention should be given in closing the annular umbilical incision in order to accomplish the desired cosmetic appearance and to avoid herniation of the umbilicus.
