ABSTRACT
Electrochemistry is a branch of analytical chemistry that deals with the interaction of electrical and chemical effects; where the chemical changes are due to the passage of electrical current and the production of electrical energy by chemical reaction. The circuit that controls the potential of the working electrode and converts the signal current to a voltage is called a potentiostat. The electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction flows from the working electrode through the external circuit, producing the output signal of the sensor. Electrochemical immunosensors merge the inherent selectivity of the biological component and the sensitivity of electroanalytical methods. The future possibility of development of simple, disposable, biocompatible, multiplexing, and low-cost implantable electrochemical sensors for biomedical and clinical applications are of great interest for their ability to monitor clinically relevant analytes such as blood gases, bodily electrolytes, macromolecules, and metabolites in real-time.
