ABSTRACT
Evolution in the development of synthesis of inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials, organic conducting polymers, organic/organometallic dye complexes, and other organic and inorganic components have delivered amazing results in achieving alternative energy resources for future energy-related applications. Heterojunction solar cells are made through the deposition of two organic or inorganic nanomaterials that have different energy levels and semiconducting properties. Dye-sensitized solar cells belong to one of the important configurations of the modern generation solar cell architecture. Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that have recently been demonstrated with an efficiency of over 20% and commercialization of perovskite solar cells have just begun with seminal efforts. The material properties, surface modifications, and fabrication using non-vacuum strategies have been analyzed by several research groups and significant achievements have been attained. Fabrication of efficient layers of new inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials with simple precursors under the optimized electrochemical conditions needs to be developed in order to improve them with different configurations.
