ABSTRACT
Electrochemical supercapacitors have widespread applications, starting from consumer electronics, memory backup systems, fuel cells, and low emission hybrid electric vehicles to industrial power and energy management. Based on the type of materials used for the cathode and anode, supercapacitors can be further divided into two groups, namely, symmetric and asymmetric. Metal oxides possess several attracting properties that help them in securing a position for their use as electrode material for supercapacitors. Electrolytes are integral parts of electrochemical supercapacitors, which help in shuttling of ions between the two electrodes. Mainly, the electrolytes for supercapacitors can be divided into three types: aqueous medium, organic solvents, and ionic liquids. Supercapacitors with organic electrolytes possess wide operating voltage potential, and thus, help in improving the power and energy densities of the supercapacitors. However, the decomposition of organic electrolytes blocks the pores of the electrode, which affects the capacitance and cycling behavior of the electrochemical capacitors.
