ABSTRACT
Applications of low-carbon technologies grew fast in high-income countries and a few mid-income ones, but very little in low-income countries. The decarbonization is not the global trend in energy markets. The benefits of the innovative energy services can be divided into ones for the individual interests of producers and consumers, and for their collective interests. An innovator generates high income due to its temporary monopoly in sales of applications, given quality demands on energy market. Higher benefits of energy and electricity consumption can be attained in the fast-growing economies when the energy consumption becomes less wasteful and higher value products are generated. The real income per capita would grow globally about three times and the energy consumption one and a half times. The question of whether economies shift to low-carbon technologies is answered based on the volume and growth rates of geothermal, solar and wind energy resources.
