ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the three concepts of lithium-air, lithium-sulfur (Li-S), and all-solid-state batteries (ASBs). For aprotic electrolytes, the oxygen membrane is a crucial point, while for aqueous systems protection of the Li metal from the electrolyte itself is necessary. Due to their high theoretical energy density, cheap raw materials, and seemingly less severe unresolved issues, Li-S batteries are considered a viable option for mobility and stationary storage applications and could be realized much sooner than Li-air batteries. Like phosphate-based solid electrolytes, sulfide-based crystalline, glass-ceramic, or glass-phase Li-ion conductors are heavily researched within the community and exhibit the highest known values for Li-ion conductivity in a solid so far. In fact, interface resistance might be the most important issue to make ASBs competitive with conventional LIBs in terms of power density and rate capability. Advanced Li and Li-ion batteries promise a paradigm shift in electromobility, consumer electronics, and stationary storage applications.
