ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews research findings and current recommendations for diagnostic evaluation and treatment for children presenting with suspected developmental disability. It discusses some of the barriers to the provision of comprehensive developmental care and their potential solutions. The evaluation of a child with possible developmental disability begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Etiologic diagnosis is important in predicting a child’s developmental progress, in allowing knowledgeable surveillance for potential associated health problems, and in genetic evaluation and counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Using an organized approach to collect information, and following practice parameters for developmental screening and for evaluation of developmental delay, the primary care physician is well positioned to detect developmental disabilities, to begin an etiologic evaluation, and to support families through education and collaboration with early intervention teams. Referral for early intervention services should occur for any child suspected to have a neurodevelopmental disorder, whether or not the etiology for the disorder has been determined.
