ABSTRACT
Constipation can negatively impact the quality of life and is often minimized by physicians and family. Functional constipation with normal transit is the most common type of constipation, characterized by normal stool frequency but with hard stools. A detailed review of systems may elicit possible secondary constipation due to other comorbidities and also complications of constipation such as urinary retention from impaction, nausea and vomiting from obstruction, or delirium. A thorough general physical exam is needed to elucidate etiology of constipation and elicit any secondary causes of constipation as well. The primary focus of treating constipation is the relief of discomfort associated with constipation. Caution is to be considered when prescribing bulk-forming agents as they can worsen conditions in those with slow-transit constipation, OIC, and anorectal dysfunction or those unable to take in adequate fluids. Careful assessment and history are important in differentiating between constipation and diarrhea as overflow with constipation can be mistaken for diarrhea as well.
