ABSTRACT
With the recent advancement in biotechnology and microbiology, bio-based catalysis appears as an eventual substitute for traditional treatment approves. Recently, enzymatic reactions are attracting growing attention as an alternative approach to classical chemical routes, owing to their excellent catalytic efficiency and high chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivities under mild environmental conditions. The fact that enzymes are originated from biorenewable feedstock represents enzyme catalysis as a greener and sustainable route than their chemical counterparts. Industrial processes carried out under harsh conditions led to increased susceptibility of enzyme inactivation and restricting their functional lifespan. In this context, enzyme immobilization technology provides an excellent means to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above by improving enzyme catalytic features, operational stability, and simplifying downstream processing. Several techniques ranging from simple reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages to the irreversible stable covalent attachment have been employed to immobilize enzymes onto various support materials. These engineering strategies constitute immobilized biocatalysts of variable stability by modifying the surface microenvironment of the carrier support. In this chapter, an effort has been made to address enzyme immobilization as a futuristic eco-friendlier and practical choice for the abetment of dyes-based effluent wastewater by appraising its characteristic properties and catalytic performance. In addition, the concluding remarks, current challenges, and future scenarios for the remediation of dyes are also discussed.
