ABSTRACT
Discharging the large amounts of textile industrial wastewater effluent containing the remains of coloring agents in the ecosystem impairs water quality, overgeneration of pollution, eutrophication, and the disruption of aquatic life and poses a serious threat to public health. Moreover, most of coloring materials and their metabolic intermediates are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Synthetic dyes are contaminants because theyaresynthesized by the biosphere and areopposed to the traditional system of biological mineralization of sewage. The azo dyes are the most important class and the largest commercial dyes and represent almost 65%–75% of all products of textile dyes. Physicochemical methods used to treat wastewater from the dyeing process have drawbacks, such as the overuse of chemicals and sludge production with obvious disposal problems. Bioremediation for the removal of dyes is gaining an obvious interest because it is profitableand environmentally friendly and produces much less sludge. Therefore[CM1], for the successful implementation of a process of biological treatment of wastewater to remove azo dyes have been developed and deeply discussed in this chapter.
