ABSTRACT
Indeed, pasture/grass (particularly N2 fixing) based farming systems (such as silvopastoral system) plays a viable role in enhancing biomass, productivity, improving soil fertility and health, conserving soil and water by minimizing erosion, improving socio-economic condition of farmers by diversifying products and mitigating the deleterious impacts of climate change through storage and sequestration of carbon into both vegetation and soils, respectively. Integrating the MPTs in cropland and pastureland are the good options for providing both tangible and intangible benefits, which is prerequisite for better environment and ecosystem services. Good quality pasture and grasses are better feed materials for livestock’s that maintains their health and productivity, which affects their milk and other consumable products and can be a good economic source to poor farmers. Therefore, in this context, proper, and good grazing management under better scientific practices are necessitates the healthy environment and nurturing the biodiversity. However, due to some faulty farming practices 76and activities along with livestock’s production and activities such as manure management and enteric fermentations are contributed GHGs emission into the atmosphere but it can be reduced at certain level through the better management and scientific practices of whole pasture-based farming systems comprising nitrogen-fixing trees (MPTs), good pastures/grasses and livestock’s which not only managed the degraded wasteland but also provide various products for people, helps in gaining greater economic return, maintains cattle’s health along with the maintenance of food and environmental security.
