ABSTRACT
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) are deleterious reactions which induce excessive expansion to concrete, resulting in cracking and possible serious problems in terms of serviceability and/or safety. They are collectively referred to internal swelling reactions (ISRs) despite quite different mechanisms. It is very important to understand the state-of-the-art research outputs on ASR and DEF. This paper reviews current understandings of the mechanisms of ISRs through recent advances of research outputs. Then the mechanisms are discussed and needs for future research work are described.
