ABSTRACT
In abiotic stress conditions, mycorrhizae are economically important symbionts to plant in arable conditions. Mycorrhizae are simply a symbiotic association between numerous fungi and roots of higher plants/vascular host plants. The cell walls of the root cortex of the host plant are accessed by fungal hyphae of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), which are presently known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The research studies about mycorrhizal fungi in a wide range of conditions, plants, and soils were studied since 1981 to find out a viable symbiotic association for crop growth and soil health. The useful effect of mycorrhizal colonization increased leaf number, large leaf area, and greater shoot: root ratio and fruit mass as compared to non-VAM plants through higher water absorption and nutrient uptake. The agriculture industry is confronted today with the pressure of bourgeoning population, depleting, and degrading natural resources of soil and water, climate change, and shortage manpower and the non-availability of optimal technology.
