ABSTRACT
Zero liquid discharge desalination (ZLDD) is a sustainable solution to the global water scarcity problem. It provides high water recovery, zero waste generation, and valuable salt production. In this chapter, a novel ZLDD system that consists of freeze desalination (FD) and membrane distillation-crystallization (MD-C) will be illustrated in details. The effects of important parameters, such as (1) the feed temperature, concentration, and distillate temperature of MD and (2) the recovery ratio of FD on system operating curves and energy consumptions will be discussed in details. In addition, the potential of using green energies to power this hybrid system will also be demonstrated. This chapter may provide useful guidance in designing a low-cost FD-MD-C hybrid system for ZLDD.
