ABSTRACT
Reproduction in the human is dependent on a perfectly synchronized function of both the male and female gonads. The ovary in the female has the dual responsibility of cyclically releasing mature oocytes and uniformly producing estrogen and progestins in adequate amounts to ensure the proper milieu for sperm transport, implantation of the fertilized ovum, the sustaining of pregnancy until placental function takes over, and to cause multiple secondary sex characteristics. Normal ovarian function is a prerequisite for a successful reproductive function in the female. There is a reduction in the number of follicles from early fetal life through menopause. Atresia accounts for over 90% of this reduction. At birth there are about 2 million follicles. This number declines to 400,000 follicles at menarche. As the corpus luteum of the preceding menstrual cycle starts declining, a rise in circulating follicle stimulating hormone is noted.
