ABSTRACT
In comparison with flat-sheet membranes, the hollow fiber membranes have several advantages, such as higher surface area per module, self-mechanical support, and ease of module fabrication. The self-support configuration and high packing density in modules make the hollow fiber membranes potentially more suitable for pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) processes. Currently, both integrally formed phase inversion dual-layer membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes have been developed for osmotic power generation. Effective TFC hollow fiber membranes with proper membrane structure, balanced permeation properties, and high mechanical strength have been demonstrated. The best membrane can withstand a hydraulic pressure of more than 35 bar and harvest a power density of 38 W/m2 at 30 bar using 1.2 M NaCl and deionized water as the feed pair. The newly developed inner-selective TFC hollow fiber membranes show great potential for osmotic power generation. Besides, the requirements for fabricating effective PRO membranes are discussed and future perspectives are presented in this chapter.
